{"id":5213,"date":"2007-02-15T22:20:29","date_gmt":"2007-02-15T14:20:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/li-on.biz\/?p=5213"},"modified":"2025-12-09T10:04:12","modified_gmt":"2025-12-09T02:04:12","slug":"%e6%ad%90%e7%9b%9f%e6%a8%99%e6%ba%96%e7%b5%84%e7%b9%94cen-en13428-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/li-on.biz\/en\/%e6%ad%90%e7%9b%9f%e6%a8%99%e6%ba%96%e7%b5%84%e7%b9%94cen-en13428-2\/","title":{"rendered":"European Union Standards Organization CEN-EN13428"},"content":{"rendered":"
European Organization for Standardization (CEN) Standards on Basic Requirements for Packaging Waste<\/strong>
Currently, EU member states are taking a wait-and-see approach to implementing basic requirements for packaging waste. The European Organization for Standardization (CEN) has developed six standards applicable to the EU Packaging Directive, numbered EN13427:2000 to EN13432.
EN 13427 explains the relationships between the five standards
EN13428-13432 (similar to ISO 14000).
EN 13428 is a standard for reducing packaging waste to prevent waste accumulation.
EN 13429 is a standard for reusable packaging.
N 13430 is a standard for recycling packaging materials.
EN 13431 is a standard for energy recovery from packaging.
EN 13432 is a standard for organic recycling of packaging.
Among these standards, EN 13428 is directly related to reducing the generation of packaging waste.<\/td><\/tr>
EN 13428 Standard Overview<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0
This standard employs a self-assessment approach similar to the ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 series standards to demonstrate that the packaging system used uses minimal materials, is recyclable, and complies with toxic substance content regulations. EN 13428:2000 comprises two parts: source reduction prevention and qualitative prevention. Source reduction prevention refers to minimizing the weight and\/or volume of packaging materials; qualitative prevention refers to minimizing the content of toxic and hazardous substances. A necessary requirement for determining compliance with Part 1 of EN 13428 is the ability to identify one or more critical areas from the ten areas listed in the standard that are crucial to achieving the limits of source reduction efforts. In other words, further reductions in packaging in this area would prevent the achievement of the performance standards required for the ten areas of packaging. The standard lists ten areas:
1. Product Protection
2. Packaging Process
3. Packaging\/Filling Process
4. Logistics (including transportation, warehousing, and handling)
5. Product Presentation and Marketing
6. User\/Consumer Acceptance
7. Information
8. Safety
9. Regulations
10. Other Related Issues. If users of this standard cannot identify any of the above areas as critical, it indicates that there is still potential for further reduction in packaging materials, and therefore, compliance with this standard is not possible. On the other hand, if testing shows that further reduction in packaging materials would result in an unacceptable packaging failure rate, it indicates that the critical point of packaging minimization has been achieved.<\/td><\/tr>
EU Perspectives on EN 13428<\/strong>
\u00a0 Opinions on the EN 13428 standard within the European Union are mixed. Industry sectors view it as a voluntary, flexible standard with a relatively positive outlook. However, some environmental groups and government officials believe that this voluntary management system lacks clear judgment criteria and will be difficult to implement. The following are representative opinions from standards organizations, industry groups, and consumer groups regarding this standard:
Consumer Group Perspectives<\/strong>
Consumer groups believe that EN 13428 is a self-assessment management system similar to ISO 9000 or ISO 14000. It only outlines aspects that should be considered, requiring suppliers to assess key areas where packaging reduction activities can be carried out and provide evidence of compliance. Because this standard does not provide specific performance criteria, suppliers and potential audit\/verification organizations will find it difficult to confirm whether the standard requirements have been met.<\/td><\/tr>
Industry Perspectives<\/strong>
Regarding the views on the industry, including those from packaging manufacturers and EUROPEN, the perspectives are explained as follows:
Packaging Manufacturers' Views<\/strong>
The industry believes that the key areas referred to in the EN 13428 standard (critical areas) are those identified by product suppliers from the ten areas listed in the standard, where further packaging reduction could be made, such as in the product protection area. To comply with EN 13428, suppliers not only need to identify these key areas, but must also demonstrate that appropriate reduction measures have been implemented in these areas.
During the draft review phase of EN 13428, the Austrian Standards Organization proposed a ratio for the surface area of product packaging to the volume of the packaged product, stating that this ratio should not exceed 3.2. However, representatives from other countries argued that this single ratio could not cover all types of packaging and failed to consider other aspects of the EU Packaging Waste Directive, so the proposal was not adopted.

As EN 13428 is still under revision, currently only France and the United Kingdom have established national regulations to implement the \"Essential Requirements\" of the EU Packaging Waste Directive. In these two countries, manufacturers can demonstrate compliance with EN 13428 as proof of meeting these regulations.

Currently, EN 13428:2004 was published in July 2004. A comparison of the differences between the new version of EN 13428:2004 and the old version from 2000 shows that the old version emphasized using quantitative preventive methods to ensure the weight and volume of packaging are minimized while meeting safety and consumer acceptance standards. Qualitative preventive methods were only mentioned in the appendix. The new version gives equal weight to both qualitative and quantitative preventive methods. The old version only required the minimization of intentionally added substances, whereas the new version requires both the determination of hazardous substances and their minimization, regardless of whether they were intentionally added. Users of the standard must (with the help of material safety data sheets) determine whether hazardous substances (classified as N in EU directives) were introduced during the manufacturing process in the packaging materials. If any such substances are present, users must assess the possibility of their release into the environment; if such release is possible, users must record this and demonstrate that the use of such substances is minimized according to the performance criteria outlined in the standard. The new standard also includes an appendix with a decision tree to assist in minimizing and demonstrating compliance for these substances. When the old version was published, CEN-CR 13695 \u2014 Requirements for measuring and verifying hazardous substances like heavy metals in packaging \u2014 had only released the first part regarding heavy metals. Now, the second part concerning other hazardous substances has been published and updated in line with the new standard.

By adopting the EU's Essential Requirements regulations and aligning with the EN 13428 standard, Taiwan should be able to regulate over-packaged products like gift boxes effectively.
EUROPEN's View on EN 13428<\/u><\/strong>
EUROPEN (European Organization for Packaging and the Environment), the EU packaging industry association, encourages the packaging industry to voluntarily comply with the EN 13428 standard. The organization has also launched guidelines to help businesses implement the standard. EUROPEN represents the interests of packaging industry stakeholders and reflects their opinions.

The main reason EUROPEN promotes the adoption of EN 13428 is that it is based on a voluntary environmental management system, giving companies more operational flexibility. Preventing the generation of packaging waste is an irreversible trend. If companies are unwilling to adopt voluntary management, governments across the EU will likely shift toward a command-and-control approach advocated by environmental groups (such as mandating packaging surface-to-volume ratios), which could have a greater impact on businesses.
Views of Standardization Organizations on EN 13428<\/strong>
The EU standards issued by CEN are voluntary agreements, and any group can choose whether to adopt them. Therefore, compliance with CEN standards is generally a matter of mutual agreement among business partners.

However, if CEN receives a mandate from the European Commission, it can issue mandatory standards, referred to as \"harmonized standards.\" For businesses, harmonized standards have a higher compliance obligation, as compliance indicates conformity with relevant EU directives (such as the EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive). Of course, businesses can choose not to adopt the harmonized standards and use alternative ways to prove compliance with national laws implementing EU directives, though it is generally easier to comply with the harmonized standards.

EN 13428:2000 is currently a voluntary standard, so it must undergo a revision and approval process. Once this process is completed, the new version will be accepted by the EU Commission and published in the Official Journal of the EU as the harmonized standard for assessing compliance with the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive.

Under the current application framework of EN 13428:2000, verifying compliance is indeed very challenging. The responsibility for compliance lies with individual companies, as the standard only requires companies to conduct self-assessments and self-declarations. The control mechanism for implementing the standard relies on market forces, meaning the observation of competitors. The key to implementing EN 13428 is identifying the critical areas and carrying out packaging reduction activities in those areas. For example, if packaging designers have already used the best available technologies to design packaging in line with current industry practices, when applying EN 13428, they must first assess the feasibility of packaging minimization in the ten performance areas listed in the standard, then identify the most likely area to limit further reduction efforts, known as the critical area (e.g., logistics\/handling of computer monitors). Testing or calculations (such as using drop tests to determine the minimum acceptable thickness of corrugated cardboard) must then be conducted to demonstrate the extent of packaging minimization (e.g., using thinner cardboard would not meet the safety handling requirements). The results of this minimization process (such as the degree of minimization, the volume\/weight reduction, and the reasons why further reduction is not possible) must be documented. These documents will serve as proof for EN 13428 certification.

CEN believes that this self-assessment approach may offer an opportunity for businesses to seek innovative solutions to reduce packaging waste. Otherwise, governments will be forced to adopt unrealistic waste reduction targets or indicators, pushing for packaging reduction. However, even within the European Commission, this self-assessment process has not been fully accepted, and the views of individual countries on this standard should also be considered. If a harmonized standard cannot be developed within the EU, countries will be forced to adopt different national measures, creating chaos within the single European market. From this perspective, even a simple voluntary EU standard could serve as a foundation for national administrative measures, which would be preferable to a fragmented approach by individual countries.<\/td><\/tr>
Comprehensive Perspectives<\/strong>
Summarizing the above viewpoints, although some consumer groups do not fully support the use of EN 13428, industry organizations generally agree with its management approach, and it is currently the only method that has achieved broad consensus within the EU. Therefore, once this series of standards is officially published, it is expected to be widely adopted and followed by various sectors.

After CEN completes the announcement and finalization of the packaging standards, all packaging used for products marketed within the EU must comply with the \u201cEssential Requirements\u201d of the EU Packaging Directive. Since the adoption of CEN standards is voluntary, manufacturers are not required to use CEN standards to demonstrate compliance with the Essential Requirements; they may choose other methods. However, using CEN standards makes it easier to gain recognition.<\/td><\/tr>
Progress of the Development\/Revision of the Packaging Standards Series<\/strong>
After the five standards EN 13428\u2013EN 13432 were published in 2000, CEN requested the EU to announce these standards as referenced standards for implementing the Packaging Directive. However, due to objections from some member states, the European Commission agreed to publish only EN 13428 and EN 13432, and even then with certain clauses reserved. The remaining standards were required to undergo revision.

For EN 13428:2000, the reserved portion concerns toxic substances, while the section on minimum material requirements does not need to be revised. Therefore, if a manufacturer complies with EN 13428:2000, EU member states must accept that the minimization aspect of its packaging meets the Essential Requirements of the EU Packaging Directive for that portion.

The European Standardization Organization (CEN) has completed revisions for the following five standards and published them in July 2004:
EN 13427:2004: Packaging \u2013 Requirements for the application of European Standards in the field of packaging and packaging waste
EN 13428:2004: Packaging \u2013 Requirements specific to manufacturing and composition \u2013 Prevention by source reduction
EN 13429:2004: Packaging \u2013 Requirements for reuse
EN 13430:2004: Packaging \u2013 Requirements for packaging recoverable by material recycling
EN 13431:2004: Packaging \u2013 Requirements for packaging recoverable in the form of energy, including specification of minimum calorific value
In addition, EN 13432:2000: Packaging recoverable through composting and biodegradation \u2013 Test scheme and evaluation criteria for the final acceptance of packaging, was published in 2000 and is not affected by this revision process. Among these six standards, EN 13427 is referred to as the \u201cUmbrella Standard,\u201d covering and providing guidance for the application of the other five standards. The original EN 13427 did not serve as a mandatory guidance framework, but after revision, it has gained such a function. This means that unless users of the standards comply with EN 13428 (the prevention standard) and one or more of the recovery standards, they will not be able to meet the requirements of EN 13427.

Source: Reposted from online materials<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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