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環境生態相關報導

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>Environmental and ecological related reports

Search results: 128articles

If the temperature rises by 0.9℉, the Earth will get sick; 400 million people will suffer from severe water shortages.

On October 8th, the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a report in Incheon, South Korea, warning that unchecked global warming will lead to even more severe climate change-related disasters. According to its latest special report on global warming, the Earth's temperature has already risen by 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit (1 degree Celsius) since the 19th century. If the global temperature continues to rise by 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 degrees Celsius) or even 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius), this 0.9-degree difference will have a drastic impact on the planet. For example, this additional 0.9 degrees Celsius could expose tens of millions of people worldwide to deadly heat waves, water shortages, and coastal flooding. It could also threaten the Arctic Ocean's summer ice-free period and the disappearance of tropical coral reefs. The New York Times has compiled the following seven key findings from the report, exploring the impact of this 0.9-degree difference between a 2.7-degree and 3.6-degree warming scenario. Arctic Ocean: If the temperature rises by 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, sea ice will remain for most of the summer. If it rises by 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit, the probability of the Arctic Ocean being ice-free will increase tenfold, resulting in the disappearance of large swathes of habitat for polar bears, whales, seals, and seabirds. Heat Waves: If the temperature rises by 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, an estimated 14% of the world's population will be affected by severe heat waves. If the temperature rises by 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit, the affected population will more than double to 37%, and the number of days with unusually high temperatures will increase the most in tropical regions. Water Scarcity: If the temperature rises by 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, an estimated 350 million people in urban areas around the world will face severe water scarcity. If the temperature rises by 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit, an estimated 350 million people in urban areas will face severe water scarcity.

2019-03-15

Eight cities face the threat of sinking; governments should no longer remain silent.

Global warming is causing sea levels to rise, threatening many coastal cities with submersion. British charities are urging governments to inject funds to help millions of families avert this catastrophic disaster. According to AFP, Christian Aid studied eight cities worldwide with a combined population of 100 million, all in dire straits: Jakarta (Indonesia), Bangkok (Thailand), Lagos (Nigeria), Manila (Philippines), Dhaka (Bangladesh), Shanghai (China), Houston (USA), and London (UK). Jakarta is sinking at a rate of 25 centimeters per year. Jakarta, along with Bangkok, Houston, and Shanghai, could be submerged within decades if not properly prepared for extreme weather, torrential rains, and high tides. This appeal echoes the UN's environmental report to be released next week, with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) presenting data examining the impact of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. However, even if countries manage to keep temperatures within this range, it will still have a catastrophic impact on coastal cities. Previous studies have shown that a 2-degree Celsius rise in global temperature would push sea levels up by 50 centimeters. The subsidence of these cities is mostly caused by human factors. Jakarta, with a population of 10 million, is the confluence of 13 rivers. Because half the population lacks access to running water, illegal over-extraction of groundwater is common, leading to land subsidence. Houston's population continues to grow, and the soil is also being submerged to supply running water.

2019-03-15

The London Half Marathon has banned plastic bottled water and will replace it with edible water balloons.

London's first half-marathon advocating a complete ban on plastics took place on September 16th. The event featured edible water balloons, eliminating bottled water for participants. Runners would rely solely on these capsules for hydration throughout the nearly 22-kilometer race. These edible water balloons, named "Ooho," were developed by Skipping Rocks Labs, a London-based startup specializing in eco-friendly packaging materials. Made from seaweed extract, the containers are ingested along with the water. The material can be flavored, colored, and used as containers for other beverages and liquids, reducing reliance on and waste of plastics. The development team stated that seaweed is highly safe for consumption and reproduces quickly, ensuring no ecological impact as a packaging material. However, user acceptance of ingesting the packaging is mixed, particularly regarding hygiene concerns about the edible water balloons potentially having been touched by multiple people. In response, the company stated that participants can tear a small hole to drink from the balloons, which are biodegradable in approximately 4 to 6 weeks, claiming to be the world's first container designed to curb plastic pollution and its harm to the marine environment. Recently, there has been a growing trend in the UK to promote plastic reduction during marathons, including the Richmond Marathon in London on September 16th and the Sussex Marathon on September 29th. In these two races, Oohos will not only fill capsules with drinking water but will also collaborate with sports drink manufacturer Lucozade to trial water balloons containing sports drinks. Furthermore, at the Richmond Marathon in London, the organizers will set up three water stations and provide...

2018-11-16

Unprecedented! The thickest ice in the Arctic begins to melt.

The Guardian reports that the oldest and most solid sea ice in the Arctic has begun to melt. Areas north of Greenland, which have historically been frozen year-round, are about to become open water. One meteorologist described the recent sea ice melt as "terrifying." Other experts say that theories about where in the Arctic can best withstand prolonged warming may need to be revised. This is an unprecedented phenomenon, occurring twice this year due to warm winds and climate-driven heat waves in the Northern Hemisphere. In the past, the waters north of Greenland were perpetually frozen, earning them the title of "last ice-covered area," considered by scientists to be the least susceptible to melting due to warming. However, unusually high temperatures in February and earlier this month have made them vulnerable to winds. These winds have pushed the sea ice away from the coast to the farthest distance since the 1970s. "Almost all the ice north of Greenland has broken up or fractured, making it more fluid," says Ruth Mottram, a member of the Danish Meteorological Institute. "The open waters here are extraordinary. This area is known as the 'last ice zone' because it was generally thought to be the last place in the Arctic to remain frozen for many years. Now it seems that the last ice zone may be to the west." The ice in northern Greenland is typically thick because the Transpolar Drift Stream is one of the dominant weather patterns in the region. This circulation carries ice from Siberia across the North Pole.

2018-09-18

Harvard study suggests climate change could exacerbate global malnutrition.

A new study from the Harvard School of Public Health indicates that rising carbon dioxide levels due to climate change will reduce the nutritional content of crops such as rice and wheat, potentially exacerbating global malnutrition. By mid-century, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are projected to reach approximately 550 ppm (0.055%) due to human activities, compared to the current 400 ppm (0.04%). Since humans obtain most of their nutrition from food, the study, published on August 27th in the journal *Nature Climate Change*, shows that researchers predict 175 million people will be zinc deficient and 122 million will be protein deficient by then. Currently, it is estimated that over 2 billion people are already deficient in at least one nutrient, and climate change will increase the global prevalence of malnutrition. Researchers say India will be the most affected region, followed by countries in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. (Source: World Journal, August 27, 2018)

2018-09-18

NASA says B15, the largest iceberg in history, is disappearing.

According to CNET, Iceberg B-15 may sound like an unremarkable name, but it's one of the most interesting icebergs scientists have ever seen, largely due to its enormous size. However, this iceberg is slowly disappearing. It broke off from the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica in 2000, at which time it covered 4,250 square miles (approximately 11,000 square kilometers), making it roughly the size of Connecticut. Iceberg B-15 was much larger than the massive iceberg that broke off from the Larsen C Ice Shelf in Antarctica last year. Eighteen years after breaking off from the Ross Ice Shelf, Iceberg B-15 has shrunk considerably and broken into several smaller pieces, most of which have melted. Astronauts on the International Space Station photographed a remaining section of the iceberg—B-15Z—in late May. The image shows a large crack in the ice during its formation, with smaller fragments scattered like shattered glass. The iceberg has now drifted to warmer waters near the South Georgia Islands in the Atlantic Ocean. NASA stated on Wednesday, "It is understood that icebergs capable of drifting such long distances typically melt rapidly and end their life cycle there." Source: Daily Headline (2018/06/08)

2018-08-17

New Delhi to Implement Green Action Plan to Combat Air Pollution

To shed its reputation as one of the world's most polluted cities, the Delhi government will present a green budget on the 22nd, promoting green initiatives such as the introduction of electric buses. The Delhi government will present its 2018-2019 budget on the 22nd. The Times of India, citing sources today, reported that the Delhi government has convened meetings with departments of environment, transport, industry, energy, and disability to discuss nearly 20 green initiatives, preparing to include a green budget in tomorrow's presentation to promote green action plans. According to reports, Delhi Mayor Arvind Kejriwal stated that the focus should be on electric public transportation, and a delegation has already visited China to study the possibility of introducing electric buses early next year. The Delhi government plans to allocate a budget to incentivize businesses to switch to cleaner energy models and to promote comprehensive greening by selecting street trees, plants, and street infrastructure based on their pollution resistance capabilities, introducing measures to reduce carbon emissions. The National Capital Region of India, including New Delhi, experiences increasingly severe air pollution every winter due to a multitude of factors, including heavy vehicle emissions, farmers burning straw in neighboring states, the burning of garbage for warmth by the poor and homeless in the city, emissions from over 7,000 restaurants grilling food, and smoke from construction sites. It frequently earns the title of one of the world's most polluted cities, and studies show that many people die from air pollution-related illnesses. Influenced by public opinion, the Indian central government, the New Delhi municipal government, and governments of neighboring states are all devising solutions to address the air pollution problem.

2018-04-19

Nearly half of the world’s population faces water shortages. United Nations: Focus on more environmentally friendly policies

The United Nations today released its 2018 World Water Development Report, estimating that nearly half the world's population, 3.6 billion people, live in areas where they experience at least one month of water shortage annually. The report warns that this number could rise to 5.7 billion by 2050. UNESCO Secretary-General Audrey Azoulay, speaking in Brasilia, Brazil, said, "If we do nothing, approximately 5 billion people worldwide will face a water crisis by 2050." She added, "The report proposes nature-based solutions to strengthen water resource management. This is a crucial task that everyone must take responsibility for to avoid water-related conflicts." Lead author Richard Connor stated, "Many cases show that more ecosystem-friendly forms of water storage, such as natural wetlands, improved soil moisture, and more effective groundwater recharge, are more sustainable and effective than traditional man-made infrastructure such as dams." The report points out that green solutions have demonstrated significant potential. To download the World Water Development Report 2018, please visit: http://www.unwater.org/publications/world-water-development-r

2018-04-19

Chemicals remain the second largest product risk in the EU

For the second consecutive year, hazardous chemicals in products such as toys and clothing have become the second largest health and safety risk in the EU market. According to the 2017 EU Rapid Alert System for Non-Food Consumer Products (RAPEX) report, notifications of hazardous products containing hazardous chemicals accounted for 22% of all product notifications. In the 2016 RAPEX report, hazardous chemicals accounted for 23%, making it the second largest product risk for two consecutive years. The report indicates that in 2017, there were 544 reported cases of excessive levels of hazardous chemicals, with Cyprus, the Czech Republic, and Denmark being the top three countries with the most such notifications. The following five categories of products were the most frequently reported to contain excessive levels of hazardous substances: – Toys (29%); – Motor vehicles (20%); – Clothing, textiles, and fashion products (12%); – Electronic and electrical products (6%); and – Childcare products and equipment. Mainland China remains the country with the most reported hazardous products, accounting for 52.4% of all hazardous product notifications. Please refer to the attachment for the full report: 2017_Report_EU_Rapid_Alert_System_for_dangerous_non-food_products. Source: Chemical Watch (2018-03-13)

2018-04-19

The circular fiber report calls for the establishment of a new textile economy.

According to a report by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation (EMF), every second, the amount of clothing discarded by humans could fill a garbage truck. Therefore, the EMF's Circular Fibers Initiative published a sustainability report to promote a new textiles economy, strongly supported by industry leaders including H&M and Nike, based on circular economy principles. The report points out that globally, less than 1% of textile products are recycled and reused, representing an estimated $100 billion worth of materials wasted annually. Even in Germany, where textile recycling rates are high, most recycled textiles are exported to countries without recycling infrastructure, resulting in further waste. The textile industry primarily consumes non-renewable resources, accumulating over 98 million tons of raw materials annually. These non-renewable resources include petroleum-derived synthetic fibers, fertilizers used to grow cotton, and chemicals used in the manufacture, dyeing, and finishing of fibers and fabrics. Carbon emissions are also a very important environmental issue for the textile industry. In 2015, the global textile industry emitted a staggering 1.2 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, far exceeding the combined carbon emissions of the international aviation and shipping industries that year.

2018-01-22

SC Johnson disclosed on its website the skin allergens added to its products.

SC Johnson, a leading multinational consumer goods brand, announced in mid-2017 that it would begin fully disclosing a list of additives in all its products that could cause skin allergies starting in 2018. Now, on the eve of 2018, SC Johnson has completed its online information disclosure system, listing 368 additives in all its products that may cause skin allergies. These products include SC Johnson's brands Glade, Pledge, Mr. Muscle, and Raid, with certain allergens directly listed in product information for consumers to check. SC Johnson CEO Fisk Johnson stated that although the industry uses largely similar product ingredients, SC Johnson has chosen to increase the transparency of its product information and disclose the list of additives that may cause skin allergies to ensure consumers make informed purchasing decisions, thus protecting consumers' right to know. This initiative is SC Johnson's latest product information transparency enhancement plan; prior to this, SC Johnson had already launched a project to disclose information on product ingredients and fragrance additives. In recent years, the US consumer market has begun to emphasize product information transparency, with many NGOs uniting consumers to demand that companies disclose the ingredients added to their products to protect consumers' right to know. While consumer product brands are increasingly disclosing product ingredients, it is also crucial for manufacturers to ensure transparency.

2018-01-22

A random inspection in Norway found that more than 40% of sporting goods contained harmful substances.

The Norwegian Environment Directorate (ED) sampled 44 sports and leisure products on the market and found that over 40% of the items contained environmental pollutants, and more than one-fifth of the products had hazardous substance levels exceeding permitted limits. The ED stated that these products must be removed from the market. The sampled products included sports gloves, slippers, yoga mats, phone cases, and wallets. The tests revealed DEHP and short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs). SCCPs were banned by Norwegian authorities in 2002. Environment Minister Mathieu Veulemans stated that finding these environmentally harmful chemicals in widely used sports and leisure products is a very serious wake-up call. DEHP and SCCPs are both hazardous substances on Norway's National Priority Restricted Chemicals List, commonly referred to as the "criminal list," which lists more than 30 substances with persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) or very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) properties and endocrine disrupting characteristics. The hazardous chemicals on this list will be gradually restricted by 2020. Source: Chemical Watch (December 15, 2017) (Compiled by PIDC)

2018-01-22

Polystyrene (PS) is so harmful that Hong Kong is actively looking for alternative materials for fish boxes

Researchers in Hong Kong are working to cut off a major source of marine plastics: polystyrene (PS) foam boxes widely used in the fishing industry. Scientific research shows that PS is harmful to marine life and human health, but the fishing industry has been slow to respond. The problem is that alternative materials must be as simple to use and inexpensive as PS for widespread adoption. One typical PS product is the white, foamy material known as polystyrene foam, widely used in various food containers, coffee cups, bean bags, and even insulation materials. An industry report shows that PS production reached 17.5 million tons in 2014, one of the most widely used materials globally. More than 40% of this was consumed in the Asia-Pacific region. Dr. Chelsea Rochman, a marine ecologist at the University of Toronto, stated, "If there's one type of plastic we can avoid using, it's polystyrene. Polystyrene foam is one of the most common types of waste washed ashore; this material is not sustainable, so there's no reason to continue using it." The problem begins at the production stage. PS (polystyrene) is polymerized from styrene and benzene, and then foamed to form foamed plastic. As is well known, both styrene and benzene are carcinogens. In addition, toxic flame retardants are sometimes added to foamed plastic products. These toxic substances can leach from the plastic products during heating, therefore environmentalists worldwide recommend against using PS in food packaging. (US activity)

2017-12-06

American Public Relations (APR) encourages manufacturers to increase their use of recycled plastics.

Requiring manufacturers to identify and utilize post-consumer plastics in the supply chain has become an international trend. Therefore, the Association of Plastic Recyclers (APR) is encouraging manufacturers to increase their use of recycled plastics to boost demand and recycling rates in the North American market. As a representative of the plastic recycling industry, APR has launched the Recycling Demand Champion Campaign to increase the reuse rate of post-consumer polyolefin plastics. This campaign focuses on process-related items, including trash cans, pallets, and shipping containers. Participating companies must regularly report on the increased use of post-consumer plastics. There are no restrictions on which types or industries can participate, as APR has prepared toolkits and industry information to help companies successfully incorporate post-consumer plastics into their process-related items. Initial participants in the program included internationally renowned companies such as Campbell Soup Co., Coca-Cola NA, Envision Plastics, Keurig Green Mountain, KW Plastics, Merlin Plastics, P&G, and Target. This project...

2017-11-16

Norway finds harmful substances in Guangxuan gifts

Norway recently conducted a survey on Guangxuan gifts. The survey found that nearly half of the gifts either contained excessive amounts of harmful substances or were mislabeled. The Norwegian Ministry of Environment conducted random inspections on 70 products, including small electronic products (such as USB memories, lighting fixtures and emergency power supplies) and several soft plastic products (such as reflective strips and bath balls). The Ministry of Environment found that a variety of toys contain the plasticizer DEHP, short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) were found in other plastic products, and electronic and electrical products contained lead and cadmium. The results show that the manufacturers and importers of these Guangxuan gifts clearly have insufficient knowledge of EU hazardous substances regulations. The Ministry of Environment reiterated that the industry must ensure that all products on the market are clearly labeled. In particular, small electronic products such as USB memories, power banks and wires must comply with EU electrical and electronic hazardous substances regulations, including the WEEE directive. Source: Chemical Watch (2017-10-25) (PIDC compilation)

2017-11-16

Urban sprawl is out of control! Research suggests it will replace vast tracts of farmland by 2030.

Urban sprawl is out of control! Research: By 2030, it will replace vast tracts of farmland. The demand for locally produced food is increasing, not just organic; however, according to the latest research, it may be difficult to "eat locally" in the future! Threatening food security are not only climate change and population growth, but urban sprawl is also making the situation more difficult for farmers. A new study published in the *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* uses overlay analysis to find that the area of ​​global metropolitan areas will triple by 2030, and the land being encroached upon is precisely the more fertile farmland, estimated to cause 3% to 4% of global agricultural losses, with rice being the most severely affected, resulting in a 9% reduction in global production. Large-scale urban sprawl into farmland will also impact agricultural productivity. According to the latest research, urban sprawl will cause 3% to 4% of global agricultural losses. While this number may not seem large, the changes are staggering when considering specific regions and crops, especially in Africa and Asia, where the estimated agricultural losses account for 80% of the global total. By overlaying data on farmland location, productivity, and urban sprawl projections for 2030, researchers can see the farmland that future urban sprawl will encroach upon. Egypt, Nigeria, countries around Lake Victoria in East Africa, and eastern China are all hotspots for crop damage (China alone accounts for a quarter of global estimated crop damage). The study points out that 60% of the world's farmland is located in suburban areas, and the productivity of these suburban farmlands is, on average, twice that of other farmlands. Lead author Felix Creutzig, a scholar at the Mercator Institute for Global Community and Climate Change in Berlin, said...

2017-10-12

Walmart’s “greenwashing” costs millions of dollars

Walmart Pays Millions for "Greenwashing" The leading U.S. retailer recently agreed to pay millions of dollars to resolve allegations of "greenwashing" violations. The violation stemmed from Walmart's sale of plastic products labeled "biodegradable" and "compostable" in California, which the state government deemed misleading and deceptive. California law prohibits labeling plastic products as "biodegradable" or using similar terms. California environmental authorities pointed out that these product declarations typically lack any explanation, leaving consumers unaware of how long it would take for discarded plastic products to decompose completely in landfills or other environmental conditions. Plastic products labeled "compostable" are also prohibited in California unless they pass specific scientific testing standards confirming their biodegradability in public composting facilities. Most California consumers are highly concerned about reducing plastic waste in landfills and therefore rely on product labeling to purchase items with better environmental performance. However, in reality, many plastic products labeled "biodegradable" or "compostable" fail to decompose properly in landfills or composting sites due to the lack of necessary environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. These supposedly environmentally friendly products remain unprocessed for thousands of years in these facilities, causing environmental pollution. Therefore, the California government, which actively promotes environmental regulations, has legislated to prohibit plastic products from being labeled "biodegradable" or "compostable."

2017-10-12

Apple's 2017 Environmental Report: Driving 100% Green Electricity in the Supply Chain to Achieve "Dense-Circuit Supply"

Apple's 2017 Environmental Report: Driving 100% Green Energy in the Supply Chain to Achieve a "Closed-Circuit Supply Chain" On Earth Day, Apple released its latest environmental report, outlining its efforts to ensure 100% renewable energy use throughout its supply chain and Apple's own facilities. The company aims to eliminate the need for new mining and instead use recycled materials in its product development. To this end, Apple has implemented several construction projects. One such project is Apple's new data center in Jutland, Denmark, which will operate on renewable energy and will also feed back the significant amount of heat generated by the data center to the local community as energy for its heating system. Part of the data center's energy comes from biogas produced from agricultural waste, and some of the waste materials used to produce biogas can be recycled into fertilizer and given back to local farmers. Apple's technology was developed in collaboration with Aarhus University, Denmark's largest university. Furthermore, because it uses renewable energy, the data center will not burden the local power grid and can operate independently. Generally, data centers have mechanisms for recovering heat energy, but some simply discharge it directly. A few data centers, like Amazon's, use excess heat for office heating. Another new facility is a data center in Ireland, where Apple is using ocean currents for power generation in partnership with Sustainable Energy Australia.

2017-10-12

To avoid plasticization in "small packaging," Unilever is piloting new recycling technologies.

To prevent "small packaging" from accumulating in the ocean, Unilever is piloting a new recycling technology. In recent years, the "small packaging economy" has become increasingly popular, but it can be a heavy burden on the environment. The Independent reports that Unilever, a major consumer goods manufacturer, has developed a new recycling technology to achieve sustainable packaging, potentially preventing packaging from ending up in the ocean or landfills. "Billions of packaging bags are used and then discarded, ending up in landfills or the ocean. We want to open up this technology and scale it up with industry partners so that others, including competitors, can use it," said David Blanchard, Unilever's Chief Research Officer. Unilever sells tens of billions of products and single-use packaging bags annually, including cosmetics and food, primarily in developing and emerging markets. The company stated that it has developed a new recycling technology to recycle these packaging bags. This recycling system, called "CreaSolv," can extract the plastic from the packaging bags for use in new product packaging, achieving a circular economy. This is part of Unilever's 2025 commitment to make all its plastic packaging fully recyclable, reusable, or biodegradable. Unilever will first establish a pilot plant in Indonesia to observe the commercial viability of the new technology. Indonesia generates 64 million tons of waste annually, of which 1.3 million tons end up in the ocean. The Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, which is collaborating with Unilever on the development of this technology...

2017-10-03

Why are top British botanical gardens targeting the Chinese market?

Why is Britain's top botanical garden targeting the Chinese market? The UK's national treasure, the Eden Botanical Garden, is coming to China, transforming aquaculture farms in Qingdao and loess land in Yan'an into stunning botanical gardens. The site of the Eden Botanical Garden was once just an abandoned pit, but now it captivates visitors from all over the world with its expansive views and imaginative landscape design. Its iconic biological greenhouse houses the world's largest artificial rainforest, becoming an integral part of the local Cornish landscape. The Eden Botanical Garden officially opened to the public sixteen years ago. Today, it has gradually become one of the UK's most popular tourist attractions, drawing over 19 million visitors annually and generating £1.7 billion in revenue for the local economy. Upon entering the Eden Botanical Garden, visitors can see flowers, plants, and giant trees (such as kapok and balsa trees) from around the world. This vast, sunken botanical garden is covered by a circular dome made of special polycarbonate material, making visitors feel as if they have arrived at a lunar habitat. This unique topography has earned the Eden Botanical Garden numerous nicknames: "Horticultural Exposition," "Temple of Economic Botany," "The World's Most Stunning Classroom," and so on. However, in the eyes of its founder, Sir Tim Smit, the Eden Botanical Garden should offer a breathtaking, shared cultural experience, seamlessly connecting people and nature. Now, the Eden Botanical Garden is about to arrive in China with this mission. In 2020, the Eden Botanical Garden...

2017-10-03
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環境生態相關報導

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>Environmental and ecological related reports

If the temperature rises by 0.9℉, the Earth will get sick; 400 million people will suffer from severe water shortages.

2019-03-15

On October 8th, the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a report in Incheon, South Korea, warning that unchecked global warming will lead to even more severe climate change-related disasters. According to its latest special report on global warming, the Earth's temperature has already risen by 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit (1 degree Celsius) since the 19th century. If the global temperature continues to rise by 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 degrees Celsius) or even 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius), this 0.9-degree difference will have a drastic impact on the planet. For example, this additional 0.9 degrees Celsius could expose tens of millions of people worldwide to deadly heat waves, water shortages, and coastal flooding. It could also threaten the Arctic Ocean's summer ice-free period and the disappearance of tropical coral reefs. The New York Times has compiled the following seven key findings from the report, exploring the impact of this 0.9-degree difference between a 2.7-degree and 3.6-degree warming scenario. Arctic Ocean: If the temperature rises by 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, sea ice will remain for most of the summer. If it rises by 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit, the probability of the Arctic Ocean being ice-free will increase tenfold, resulting in the disappearance of large swathes of habitat for polar bears, whales, seals, and seabirds. Heat Waves: If the temperature rises by 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, an estimated 14% of the world's population will be affected by severe heat waves. If the temperature rises by 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit, the affected population will more than double to 37%, and the number of days with unusually high temperatures will increase the most in tropical regions. Water Scarcity: If the temperature rises by 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, an estimated 350 million people in urban areas around the world will face severe water scarcity. If the temperature rises by 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit, an estimated 350 million people in urban areas will face severe water scarcity.

Eight cities face the threat of sinking; governments should no longer remain silent.

2019-03-15

Global warming is causing sea levels to rise, threatening many coastal cities with submersion. British charities are urging governments to inject funds to help millions of families avert this catastrophic disaster. According to AFP, Christian Aid studied eight cities worldwide with a combined population of 100 million, all in dire straits: Jakarta (Indonesia), Bangkok (Thailand), Lagos (Nigeria), Manila (Philippines), Dhaka (Bangladesh), Shanghai (China), Houston (USA), and London (UK). Jakarta is sinking at a rate of 25 centimeters per year. Jakarta, along with Bangkok, Houston, and Shanghai, could be submerged within decades if not properly prepared for extreme weather, torrential rains, and high tides. This appeal echoes the UN's environmental report to be released next week, with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) presenting data examining the impact of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. However, even if countries manage to keep temperatures within this range, it will still have a catastrophic impact on coastal cities. Previous studies have shown that a 2-degree Celsius rise in global temperature would push sea levels up by 50 centimeters. The subsidence of these cities is mostly caused by human factors. Jakarta, with a population of 10 million, is the confluence of 13 rivers. Because half the population lacks access to running water, illegal over-extraction of groundwater is common, leading to land subsidence. Houston's population continues to grow, and the soil is also being submerged to supply running water.

The London Half Marathon has banned plastic bottled water and will replace it with edible water balloons.

2018-11-16

London's first half-marathon advocating a complete ban on plastics took place on September 16th. The event featured edible water balloons, eliminating bottled water for participants. Runners would rely solely on these capsules for hydration throughout the nearly 22-kilometer race. These edible water balloons, named "Ooho," were developed by Skipping Rocks Labs, a London-based startup specializing in eco-friendly packaging materials. Made from seaweed extract, the containers are ingested along with the water. The material can be flavored, colored, and used as containers for other beverages and liquids, reducing reliance on and waste of plastics. The development team stated that seaweed is highly safe for consumption and reproduces quickly, ensuring no ecological impact as a packaging material. However, user acceptance of ingesting the packaging is mixed, particularly regarding hygiene concerns about the edible water balloons potentially having been touched by multiple people. In response, the company stated that participants can tear a small hole to drink from the balloons, which are biodegradable in approximately 4 to 6 weeks, claiming to be the world's first container designed to curb plastic pollution and its harm to the marine environment. Recently, there has been a growing trend in the UK to promote plastic reduction during marathons, including the Richmond Marathon in London on September 16th and the Sussex Marathon on September 29th. In these two races, Oohos will not only fill capsules with drinking water but will also collaborate with sports drink manufacturer Lucozade to trial water balloons containing sports drinks. Furthermore, at the Richmond Marathon in London, the organizers will set up three water stations and provide...

Unprecedented! The thickest ice in the Arctic begins to melt.

2018-09-18

The Guardian reports that the oldest and most solid sea ice in the Arctic has begun to melt. Areas north of Greenland, which have historically been frozen year-round, are about to become open water. One meteorologist described the recent sea ice melt as "terrifying." Other experts say that theories about where in the Arctic can best withstand prolonged warming may need to be revised. This is an unprecedented phenomenon, occurring twice this year due to warm winds and climate-driven heat waves in the Northern Hemisphere. In the past, the waters north of Greenland were perpetually frozen, earning them the title of "last ice-covered area," considered by scientists to be the least susceptible to melting due to warming. However, unusually high temperatures in February and earlier this month have made them vulnerable to winds. These winds have pushed the sea ice away from the coast to the farthest distance since the 1970s. "Almost all the ice north of Greenland has broken up or fractured, making it more fluid," says Ruth Mottram, a member of the Danish Meteorological Institute. "The open waters here are extraordinary. This area is known as the 'last ice zone' because it was generally thought to be the last place in the Arctic to remain frozen for many years. Now it seems that the last ice zone may be to the west." The ice in northern Greenland is typically thick because the Transpolar Drift Stream is one of the dominant weather patterns in the region. This circulation carries ice from Siberia across the North Pole.

Harvard study suggests climate change could exacerbate global malnutrition.

2018-09-18

A new study from the Harvard School of Public Health indicates that rising carbon dioxide levels due to climate change will reduce the nutritional content of crops such as rice and wheat, potentially exacerbating global malnutrition. By mid-century, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are projected to reach approximately 550 ppm (0.055%) due to human activities, compared to the current 400 ppm (0.04%). Since humans obtain most of their nutrition from food, the study, published on August 27th in the journal *Nature Climate Change*, shows that researchers predict 175 million people will be zinc deficient and 122 million will be protein deficient by then. Currently, it is estimated that over 2 billion people are already deficient in at least one nutrient, and climate change will increase the global prevalence of malnutrition. Researchers say India will be the most affected region, followed by countries in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. (Source: World Journal, August 27, 2018)

NASA says B15, the largest iceberg in history, is disappearing.

2018-08-17

According to CNET, Iceberg B-15 may sound like an unremarkable name, but it's one of the most interesting icebergs scientists have ever seen, largely due to its enormous size. However, this iceberg is slowly disappearing. It broke off from the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica in 2000, at which time it covered 4,250 square miles (approximately 11,000 square kilometers), making it roughly the size of Connecticut. Iceberg B-15 was much larger than the massive iceberg that broke off from the Larsen C Ice Shelf in Antarctica last year. Eighteen years after breaking off from the Ross Ice Shelf, Iceberg B-15 has shrunk considerably and broken into several smaller pieces, most of which have melted. Astronauts on the International Space Station photographed a remaining section of the iceberg—B-15Z—in late May. The image shows a large crack in the ice during its formation, with smaller fragments scattered like shattered glass. The iceberg has now drifted to warmer waters near the South Georgia Islands in the Atlantic Ocean. NASA stated on Wednesday, "It is understood that icebergs capable of drifting such long distances typically melt rapidly and end their life cycle there." Source: Daily Headline (2018/06/08)

New Delhi to Implement Green Action Plan to Combat Air Pollution

2018-04-19

To shed its reputation as one of the world's most polluted cities, the Delhi government will present a green budget on the 22nd, promoting green initiatives such as the introduction of electric buses. The Delhi government will present its 2018-2019 budget on the 22nd. The Times of India, citing sources today, reported that the Delhi government has convened meetings with departments of environment, transport, industry, energy, and disability to discuss nearly 20 green initiatives, preparing to include a green budget in tomorrow's presentation to promote green action plans. According to reports, Delhi Mayor Arvind Kejriwal stated that the focus should be on electric public transportation, and a delegation has already visited China to study the possibility of introducing electric buses early next year. The Delhi government plans to allocate a budget to incentivize businesses to switch to cleaner energy models and to promote comprehensive greening by selecting street trees, plants, and street infrastructure based on their pollution resistance capabilities, introducing measures to reduce carbon emissions. The National Capital Region of India, including New Delhi, experiences increasingly severe air pollution every winter due to a multitude of factors, including heavy vehicle emissions, farmers burning straw in neighboring states, the burning of garbage for warmth by the poor and homeless in the city, emissions from over 7,000 restaurants grilling food, and smoke from construction sites. It frequently earns the title of one of the world's most polluted cities, and studies show that many people die from air pollution-related illnesses. Influenced by public opinion, the Indian central government, the New Delhi municipal government, and governments of neighboring states are all devising solutions to address the air pollution problem.

Nearly half of the world’s population faces water shortages. United Nations: Focus on more environmentally friendly policies

2018-04-19

The United Nations today released its 2018 World Water Development Report, estimating that nearly half the world's population, 3.6 billion people, live in areas where they experience at least one month of water shortage annually. The report warns that this number could rise to 5.7 billion by 2050. UNESCO Secretary-General Audrey Azoulay, speaking in Brasilia, Brazil, said, "If we do nothing, approximately 5 billion people worldwide will face a water crisis by 2050." She added, "The report proposes nature-based solutions to strengthen water resource management. This is a crucial task that everyone must take responsibility for to avoid water-related conflicts." Lead author Richard Connor stated, "Many cases show that more ecosystem-friendly forms of water storage, such as natural wetlands, improved soil moisture, and more effective groundwater recharge, are more sustainable and effective than traditional man-made infrastructure such as dams." The report points out that green solutions have demonstrated significant potential. To download the World Water Development Report 2018, please visit: http://www.unwater.org/publications/world-water-development-r

Chemicals remain the second largest product risk in the EU

2018-04-19

For the second consecutive year, hazardous chemicals in products such as toys and clothing have become the second largest health and safety risk in the EU market. According to the 2017 EU Rapid Alert System for Non-Food Consumer Products (RAPEX) report, notifications of hazardous products containing hazardous chemicals accounted for 22% of all product notifications. In the 2016 RAPEX report, hazardous chemicals accounted for 23%, making it the second largest product risk for two consecutive years. The report indicates that in 2017, there were 544 reported cases of excessive levels of hazardous chemicals, with Cyprus, the Czech Republic, and Denmark being the top three countries with the most such notifications. The following five categories of products were the most frequently reported to contain excessive levels of hazardous substances: – Toys (29%); – Motor vehicles (20%); – Clothing, textiles, and fashion products (12%); – Electronic and electrical products (6%); and – Childcare products and equipment. Mainland China remains the country with the most reported hazardous products, accounting for 52.4% of all hazardous product notifications. Please refer to the attachment for the full report: 2017_Report_EU_Rapid_Alert_System_for_dangerous_non-food_products. Source: Chemical Watch (2018-03-13)

The circular fiber report calls for the establishment of a new textile economy.

2018-01-22

According to a report by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation (EMF), every second, the amount of clothing discarded by humans could fill a garbage truck. Therefore, the EMF's Circular Fibers Initiative published a sustainability report to promote a new textiles economy, strongly supported by industry leaders including H&M and Nike, based on circular economy principles. The report points out that globally, less than 1% of textile products are recycled and reused, representing an estimated $100 billion worth of materials wasted annually. Even in Germany, where textile recycling rates are high, most recycled textiles are exported to countries without recycling infrastructure, resulting in further waste. The textile industry primarily consumes non-renewable resources, accumulating over 98 million tons of raw materials annually. These non-renewable resources include petroleum-derived synthetic fibers, fertilizers used to grow cotton, and chemicals used in the manufacture, dyeing, and finishing of fibers and fabrics. Carbon emissions are also a very important environmental issue for the textile industry. In 2015, the global textile industry emitted a staggering 1.2 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, far exceeding the combined carbon emissions of the international aviation and shipping industries that year.

SC Johnson disclosed on its website the skin allergens added to its products.

2018-01-22

SC Johnson, a leading multinational consumer goods brand, announced in mid-2017 that it would begin fully disclosing a list of additives in all its products that could cause skin allergies starting in 2018. Now, on the eve of 2018, SC Johnson has completed its online information disclosure system, listing 368 additives in all its products that may cause skin allergies. These products include SC Johnson's brands Glade, Pledge, Mr. Muscle, and Raid, with certain allergens directly listed in product information for consumers to check. SC Johnson CEO Fisk Johnson stated that although the industry uses largely similar product ingredients, SC Johnson has chosen to increase the transparency of its product information and disclose the list of additives that may cause skin allergies to ensure consumers make informed purchasing decisions, thus protecting consumers' right to know. This initiative is SC Johnson's latest product information transparency enhancement plan; prior to this, SC Johnson had already launched a project to disclose information on product ingredients and fragrance additives. In recent years, the US consumer market has begun to emphasize product information transparency, with many NGOs uniting consumers to demand that companies disclose the ingredients added to their products to protect consumers' right to know. While consumer product brands are increasingly disclosing product ingredients, it is also crucial for manufacturers to ensure transparency.

A random inspection in Norway found that more than 40% of sporting goods contained harmful substances.

2018-01-22

The Norwegian Environment Directorate (ED) sampled 44 sports and leisure products on the market and found that over 40% of the items contained environmental pollutants, and more than one-fifth of the products had hazardous substance levels exceeding permitted limits. The ED stated that these products must be removed from the market. The sampled products included sports gloves, slippers, yoga mats, phone cases, and wallets. The tests revealed DEHP and short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs). SCCPs were banned by Norwegian authorities in 2002. Environment Minister Mathieu Veulemans stated that finding these environmentally harmful chemicals in widely used sports and leisure products is a very serious wake-up call. DEHP and SCCPs are both hazardous substances on Norway's National Priority Restricted Chemicals List, commonly referred to as the "criminal list," which lists more than 30 substances with persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) or very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) properties and endocrine disrupting characteristics. The hazardous chemicals on this list will be gradually restricted by 2020. Source: Chemical Watch (December 15, 2017) (Compiled by PIDC)

Polystyrene (PS) is so harmful that Hong Kong is actively looking for alternative materials for fish boxes

2017-12-06

Researchers in Hong Kong are working to cut off a major source of marine plastics: polystyrene (PS) foam boxes widely used in the fishing industry. Scientific research shows that PS is harmful to marine life and human health, but the fishing industry has been slow to respond. The problem is that alternative materials must be as simple to use and inexpensive as PS for widespread adoption. One typical PS product is the white, foamy material known as polystyrene foam, widely used in various food containers, coffee cups, bean bags, and even insulation materials. An industry report shows that PS production reached 17.5 million tons in 2014, one of the most widely used materials globally. More than 40% of this was consumed in the Asia-Pacific region. Dr. Chelsea Rochman, a marine ecologist at the University of Toronto, stated, "If there's one type of plastic we can avoid using, it's polystyrene. Polystyrene foam is one of the most common types of waste washed ashore; this material is not sustainable, so there's no reason to continue using it." The problem begins at the production stage. PS (polystyrene) is polymerized from styrene and benzene, and then foamed to form foamed plastic. As is well known, both styrene and benzene are carcinogens. In addition, toxic flame retardants are sometimes added to foamed plastic products. These toxic substances can leach from the plastic products during heating, therefore environmentalists worldwide recommend against using PS in food packaging. (US activity)

American Public Relations (APR) encourages manufacturers to increase their use of recycled plastics.

2017-11-16

Requiring manufacturers to identify and utilize post-consumer plastics in the supply chain has become an international trend. Therefore, the Association of Plastic Recyclers (APR) is encouraging manufacturers to increase their use of recycled plastics to boost demand and recycling rates in the North American market. As a representative of the plastic recycling industry, APR has launched the Recycling Demand Champion Campaign to increase the reuse rate of post-consumer polyolefin plastics. This campaign focuses on process-related items, including trash cans, pallets, and shipping containers. Participating companies must regularly report on the increased use of post-consumer plastics. There are no restrictions on which types or industries can participate, as APR has prepared toolkits and industry information to help companies successfully incorporate post-consumer plastics into their process-related items. Initial participants in the program included internationally renowned companies such as Campbell Soup Co., Coca-Cola NA, Envision Plastics, Keurig Green Mountain, KW Plastics, Merlin Plastics, P&G, and Target. This project...

Norway finds harmful substances in Guangxuan gifts

2017-11-16

Norway recently conducted a survey on Guangxuan gifts. The survey found that nearly half of the gifts either contained excessive amounts of harmful substances or were mislabeled. The Norwegian Ministry of Environment conducted random inspections on 70 products, including small electronic products (such as USB memories, lighting fixtures and emergency power supplies) and several soft plastic products (such as reflective strips and bath balls). The Ministry of Environment found that a variety of toys contain the plasticizer DEHP, short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) were found in other plastic products, and electronic and electrical products contained lead and cadmium. The results show that the manufacturers and importers of these Guangxuan gifts clearly have insufficient knowledge of EU hazardous substances regulations. The Ministry of Environment reiterated that the industry must ensure that all products on the market are clearly labeled. In particular, small electronic products such as USB memories, power banks and wires must comply with EU electrical and electronic hazardous substances regulations, including the WEEE directive. Source: Chemical Watch (2017-10-25) (PIDC compilation)

Urban sprawl is out of control! Research suggests it will replace vast tracts of farmland by 2030.

2017-10-12

Urban sprawl is out of control! Research: By 2030, it will replace vast tracts of farmland. The demand for locally produced food is increasing, not just organic; however, according to the latest research, it may be difficult to "eat locally" in the future! Threatening food security are not only climate change and population growth, but urban sprawl is also making the situation more difficult for farmers. A new study published in the *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* uses overlay analysis to find that the area of ​​global metropolitan areas will triple by 2030, and the land being encroached upon is precisely the more fertile farmland, estimated to cause 3% to 4% of global agricultural losses, with rice being the most severely affected, resulting in a 9% reduction in global production. Large-scale urban sprawl into farmland will also impact agricultural productivity. According to the latest research, urban sprawl will cause 3% to 4% of global agricultural losses. While this number may not seem large, the changes are staggering when considering specific regions and crops, especially in Africa and Asia, where the estimated agricultural losses account for 80% of the global total. By overlaying data on farmland location, productivity, and urban sprawl projections for 2030, researchers can see the farmland that future urban sprawl will encroach upon. Egypt, Nigeria, countries around Lake Victoria in East Africa, and eastern China are all hotspots for crop damage (China alone accounts for a quarter of global estimated crop damage). The study points out that 60% of the world's farmland is located in suburban areas, and the productivity of these suburban farmlands is, on average, twice that of other farmlands. Lead author Felix Creutzig, a scholar at the Mercator Institute for Global Community and Climate Change in Berlin, said...

Walmart’s “greenwashing” costs millions of dollars

2017-10-12

Walmart Pays Millions for "Greenwashing" The leading U.S. retailer recently agreed to pay millions of dollars to resolve allegations of "greenwashing" violations. The violation stemmed from Walmart's sale of plastic products labeled "biodegradable" and "compostable" in California, which the state government deemed misleading and deceptive. California law prohibits labeling plastic products as "biodegradable" or using similar terms. California environmental authorities pointed out that these product declarations typically lack any explanation, leaving consumers unaware of how long it would take for discarded plastic products to decompose completely in landfills or other environmental conditions. Plastic products labeled "compostable" are also prohibited in California unless they pass specific scientific testing standards confirming their biodegradability in public composting facilities. Most California consumers are highly concerned about reducing plastic waste in landfills and therefore rely on product labeling to purchase items with better environmental performance. However, in reality, many plastic products labeled "biodegradable" or "compostable" fail to decompose properly in landfills or composting sites due to the lack of necessary environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. These supposedly environmentally friendly products remain unprocessed for thousands of years in these facilities, causing environmental pollution. Therefore, the California government, which actively promotes environmental regulations, has legislated to prohibit plastic products from being labeled "biodegradable" or "compostable."

Apple's 2017 Environmental Report: Driving 100% Green Electricity in the Supply Chain to Achieve "Dense-Circuit Supply"

2017-10-12

Apple's 2017 Environmental Report: Driving 100% Green Energy in the Supply Chain to Achieve a "Closed-Circuit Supply Chain" On Earth Day, Apple released its latest environmental report, outlining its efforts to ensure 100% renewable energy use throughout its supply chain and Apple's own facilities. The company aims to eliminate the need for new mining and instead use recycled materials in its product development. To this end, Apple has implemented several construction projects. One such project is Apple's new data center in Jutland, Denmark, which will operate on renewable energy and will also feed back the significant amount of heat generated by the data center to the local community as energy for its heating system. Part of the data center's energy comes from biogas produced from agricultural waste, and some of the waste materials used to produce biogas can be recycled into fertilizer and given back to local farmers. Apple's technology was developed in collaboration with Aarhus University, Denmark's largest university. Furthermore, because it uses renewable energy, the data center will not burden the local power grid and can operate independently. Generally, data centers have mechanisms for recovering heat energy, but some simply discharge it directly. A few data centers, like Amazon's, use excess heat for office heating. Another new facility is a data center in Ireland, where Apple is using ocean currents for power generation in partnership with Sustainable Energy Australia.

To avoid plasticization in "small packaging," Unilever is piloting new recycling technologies.

2017-10-03

To prevent "small packaging" from accumulating in the ocean, Unilever is piloting a new recycling technology. In recent years, the "small packaging economy" has become increasingly popular, but it can be a heavy burden on the environment. The Independent reports that Unilever, a major consumer goods manufacturer, has developed a new recycling technology to achieve sustainable packaging, potentially preventing packaging from ending up in the ocean or landfills. "Billions of packaging bags are used and then discarded, ending up in landfills or the ocean. We want to open up this technology and scale it up with industry partners so that others, including competitors, can use it," said David Blanchard, Unilever's Chief Research Officer. Unilever sells tens of billions of products and single-use packaging bags annually, including cosmetics and food, primarily in developing and emerging markets. The company stated that it has developed a new recycling technology to recycle these packaging bags. This recycling system, called "CreaSolv," can extract the plastic from the packaging bags for use in new product packaging, achieving a circular economy. This is part of Unilever's 2025 commitment to make all its plastic packaging fully recyclable, reusable, or biodegradable. Unilever will first establish a pilot plant in Indonesia to observe the commercial viability of the new technology. Indonesia generates 64 million tons of waste annually, of which 1.3 million tons end up in the ocean. The Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, which is collaborating with Unilever on the development of this technology...

Why are top British botanical gardens targeting the Chinese market?

2017-10-03

Why is Britain's top botanical garden targeting the Chinese market? The UK's national treasure, the Eden Botanical Garden, is coming to China, transforming aquaculture farms in Qingdao and loess land in Yan'an into stunning botanical gardens. The site of the Eden Botanical Garden was once just an abandoned pit, but now it captivates visitors from all over the world with its expansive views and imaginative landscape design. Its iconic biological greenhouse houses the world's largest artificial rainforest, becoming an integral part of the local Cornish landscape. The Eden Botanical Garden officially opened to the public sixteen years ago. Today, it has gradually become one of the UK's most popular tourist attractions, drawing over 19 million visitors annually and generating £1.7 billion in revenue for the local economy. Upon entering the Eden Botanical Garden, visitors can see flowers, plants, and giant trees (such as kapok and balsa trees) from around the world. This vast, sunken botanical garden is covered by a circular dome made of special polycarbonate material, making visitors feel as if they have arrived at a lunar habitat. This unique topography has earned the Eden Botanical Garden numerous nicknames: "Horticultural Exposition," "Temple of Economic Botany," "The World's Most Stunning Classroom," and so on. However, in the eyes of its founder, Sir Tim Smit, the Eden Botanical Garden should offer a breathtaking, shared cultural experience, seamlessly connecting people and nature. Now, the Eden Botanical Garden is about to arrive in China with this mission. In 2020, the Eden Botanical Garden...

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