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Polystyrene (PS) is so harmful that Hong Kong is actively looking for alternative materials for fish boxes

Researchers in Hong Kong are working to cut off a major source of marine plastic: polystyrene (PS) plastic foam boxes widely used in the fishing industry. Scientific research shows that PS is harmful to both marine life and human health, but the fishery industry has been slow to respond. The problem is that if alternative materials want to be widely used, they must be as easy to use and cheap as PS. The most typical PS product is a white foam-like material called foam plastic, which is widely used in various food containers, coffee cups, bean bags, and even insulation materials. An industry report shows that as one of the most commonly used materials in the world, PS production reached 17.5 million tons in 2014. Among them, more than 40% are consumed in the Asia-Pacific region. Dr. Chelsea Rochman, a marine ecologist from the University of Toronto, said: "If we can avoid using one plastic product, it should be polystyrene. Styrofoam plastic is the most common type of garbage that washes up on the coast. The material is not sustainable, so there is no reason to continue using it.” The problem starts with production. PS is made from the polymerization of two raw materials, styrene and benzene, and is made into foamed plastic after foaming treatment. It is well known that both styrene and benzene are carcinogens. In addition, toxic flame retardants are sometimes added to foam plastic products. These toxic substances will leach out of plastic products during the heating process, so environmentalists around the world recommend not using PS in food packaging. american events

Sweden establishes chemical substitution center for small and medium-sized enterprises to promote sustainable textile plan

The Swedish government announced that it plans to set up a Substitution Center for SME in Boras, a city where the textile and chemical industries are concentrated. Through research and development, it will assist small and medium-sized enterprises to replace harmful substances in their products, so as to achieve the goal of promoting sustainable development. Continuing the goals of the Textile Project. The Center for Chemical Substitution, located at the Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE), will be able to use the resources of the Institute to provide information on industrial innovation for SMEs and assist SMEs and large enterprises, industry associations, competent authorities and Collaborate with academia to find alternatives to harmful substances in textile products in a systematic and strategic manner. Through database construction, chemical safety information and non-chemical methods and technologies are analyzed to identify innovative directions for future research and development. According to government estimates, about 32,000 companies in Sweden will be affected by the promotion of sustainable textile projects, of which about 13,000 are in the manufacturing industry and the remaining 19,000 companies are wholesale and retail operators. Karolina Skog, Director of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, pointed out that purchasing safe products should be the most basic right of all consumers. Therefore, while promoting sustainable textile projects, the above-mentioned 13,000 manufacturing industries will be chemical alternatives. key implementation vendors. Source: Chemical Watch (2017-11-10) (PID

2017 Green Electronics Brand Evaluation: Fairphone, Apple Green, Taiwan Double-A, Green and Yellow Are Not Connected

Greenpeace released the "2017 Greener Electronics Brand Rating Guide to Greener Electronics" simultaneously globally today (10/17), directly naming Samsung, Huawei, and Amazon as the least responsible for the environment. Although Taiwanese electronics brands Acer and Asus have previously promised to gradually Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFR) have been eliminated from products, but have not yet been completely removed. On the other hand, only Apple and Google have completely banned PVC and BFR in their entire product lines. Global electronics brands are becoming increasingly aware of environmental protection and are gradually adopting environmentally-first policies and practices from energy to raw material procurement. This also makes Taiwan, famous for its electronics foundry, urgently need to transform its industry to respond to global market development trends. Greenpeace recommends that Taiwan's electronics industry should make good use of R&D and production technology, use easy maintenance and durability as the design basis, and increase the proportion of recycled materials and renewable energy. In addition to realizing a circular economy, it can also create new situations under the challenge of climate change. Greenpeace Global IT Project Manager Li Zhian said: "Consumer electronic products have a short life cycle, which not only rapidly consumes the earth's limited resources, but also increases greenhouse gas emissions. The electronics industry still needs to work hard to improve product recycling programs and encourage users to actively recycle waste. For electronic products, the development of more efficient recycling and recycling technologies is indeed a step towards a circular economy." Greenpeace evaluated 17 world-renowned electronic brands, and the evaluation items included (1) increasing recycling.

California requires cleaning product labels to be more detailed starting in 2021

The state of California in the United States recently passed legislation requiring manufacturers of various cleaning products to comply with the most stringent chemical disclosure regulations in the United States so far by January 1, 2021, and online disclosure must be implemented by January 1, 2020. Experts believe that if the new law is not rejected by California citizens in a vote or is successfully challenged in court, it will become a de facto national standard in the United States. Manufacturers may find it more practical and cost-effective to develop labels that comply with California standards and then use them on cleaning products sold nationwide. California’s Cleaning Products Right to Know Act (SB 258) was passed into law on October 15, requiring manufacturers of designated cleaning products sold in the state to disclose information about the chemicals contained in their products on product labels and product websites. "Designated products" refer to cleaning products primarily for commercial, household or institutional use, including air fresheners, automotive products, general cleaning products, and polishing or floor waxing products. Products that do not fall within this definition are: (1) food, drugs, and cosmetics, including personal care products such as toothpaste, shampoo, and hand soap; (2) specially manufactured and used in oil and gas production, steel production, heavy industrial manufacturing, Industrial water treatment, industrial textile maintenance and processing except industrial washing, food and beverage processing and packaging, and industrial products for other industrial production processes; (3) Designated product trial samples that are not packaged for individual sale, resale or retail, and There is text stating that the product may not be sold or resold. from 20

China’s “foreign garbage” ban may lead to a transformation in foreign product design

Can upgrading raw material design and application standards help us eliminate various wastes generated by the current economic model? Policymakers in China and Europe think it is possible. As we all know, circular economy thinking has also attracted the attention of large multinational companies such as Coca-Cola, and has had a profound impact on their product commercial design. The global cost of landfill incineration, waste cleanup and pollutant management reaches billions of dollars every year, and a circular economy model can help us save this cost. In order to build a sustainable economy with higher resource utilization efficiency, the Chinese government and the EU seem to have naturally found an entry point for cooperation. Since the industrial revolution, the industrial development model has adopted an extractive development model, that is, a three-step model in which resources are mined underground, made into products, and discarded after use. Although this development model meets development needs and lifts billions of people out of poverty, it also creates a lot of waste and pollution. The negative impact of this model has already begun to appear in terms of exacerbating resource scarcity. Industry and government have realized that a different system must be built to deliver more resilient long-term prosperity and free economic growth from negative impacts. And this is our current job - to promote the circular economy model. Plastic is an iconic material in the modern economy. It is not only available everywhere, but also has a wide range of uses. However, the scale of the material is also growing at an alarming rate. Plastics can be said to have a typical linear life cycle, with products made from limited resources and finally discarded after use. plastic

Control of chemical substances in recycled materials is ECHA’s biggest challenge

The EU is currently actively promoting circular economy initiatives. While promoting circular economy, it also proposes future plans for regulatory adjustment. Bjorn Hansen, Director of the European Chemical Agency (ECHA), made an important point in his inauguration speech. In addition to promoting the circular economy, countries around the world will inevitably face the reuse of recycled materials, and the application of these recycled materials may be very diverse. Extensive, even atypical. Therefore, as the European Union's chemical substance control agency, ECHA should have equally stringent requirements for chemical substances in recycled materials, or it should lower the requirements and provide more exclusionary scenarios to help increase recycling rates and accelerate the popularization of circular economy. Transitioning to a circular economy usually advocates the recycling of materials that still have value and can be recycled. However, how to find a balance between the control of hazardous substances and improving the recycling rate of materials is ECHA's top priority. The current regulations and measures taken by the European Union to promote the circular economy have much stricter standards for new materials than recycled materials. For example, under the REACH regulations, new PVC materials are not allowed to contain cadmium, but the exclusion items in the REACH regulations allow that in certain applications, recycled PVC materials can contain cadmium. Will EU consumers be happy to see harmful substances continue to exist in consumer products despite a sustainable cycle? These concerns have been raised by more than just ECHA. Also raised in the EU Parliament’s consultation meeting on the adjustment of chemical substances, products and waste regulations

Duke University study: Smog significantly reduces China’s photovoltaic power generation efficiency

According to the International Energy Agency, China installed 34GW of new photovoltaic capacity in 2016, which is more than twice that of the United States and accounts for half of the world's newly installed capacity. If clean energy represented by solar energy can replace the coal-fired power generation structure, it will greatly improve China's environmental situation. Huge investment in the field of clean energy is one of the key measures of Chinese governments at all levels. Installing photovoltaic panels will improve air quality, a cause-and-effect relationship we have always understood. But what about the other way around? Will the air quality that needs to be improved in turn affect the power generation of photovoltaic panels? The latest research from Duke University confirms our doubts. Based on NASA GISS global climate model data, the study found that particulate matter in air pollution can significantly reduce photovoltaic power generation efficiency, even reaching more than 17%. Short-wave solar radiation is blocked by dust and particles and is absorbed and scattered. This phenomenon, called solar dimming, reduces the radiation intensity received by photovoltaic modules, resulting in power generation losses. According to the study, based on China's current photovoltaic power generation capacity, the power loss caused by haze is as high as 11GW, which is nearly one-third of China's newly installed photovoltaic capacity. It is worth noting that man-made particulate matter has a greater impact on photovoltaic power generation than natural dust. The researchers sampled and analyzed the composition of the sediments on the surface of the photovoltaic modules and found that only 8% was non-dust particles, that is, generated by human activities. This 8%

The world's 22 largest chemical companies ranked Formosa Plastics at the bottom in terms of "low-carbon response strategies"

To achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement, the role of the chemical industry cannot be ignored. CDP, the world's largest environmental information platform, released a new report "Catalyst for Change" this month, analyzing the performance of the world's 22 largest chemical companies in their "low-carbon response strategies." The report points out that process improvement in the chemical industry is generally not transparent enough, and disclosure of information is not sufficient. High-polluting processes such as related petrochemical products still need more active innovation to have a chance to meet the 2°C goal of the Paris Agreement. The chemical industry is a large energy consumer, accounting for 1/8 of global industrial carbon emissions. It is also an indispensable part of other industrial supply chains. For example, nearly 95% of industrial products must rely on some form of chemicals. The "Catalyst for Change" report analyzes the carbon emissions of the world's 22 largest chemical companies, with a total market value of US$626 billion and annual carbon dioxide emissions reaching 276 million tons. In terms of ranking performance, the best ones are Johnson Matthey, AkzoNobel Group, and DSM Group; Dow Chemical and LyondellBasell Industries are the best. They are among the worst performers, with Formosa Plastics ranking last. The report uses four key indicators based on the recommendations of Mark Carney’s Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD).

Cartons are expensive and not environmentally friendly. China promotes shared express boxes

Mainland China is about to welcome the "Double 11" Singles' Day express delivery peak. According to statistics, mainland express delivery business volume reached 31.2 billion items in 2016. However, cartons are expensive and not environmentally friendly, so some operators will launch reusable "shared express boxes". According to reports from CCTV News and China News Service, according to statistics from the State Post Bureau of China, China's express delivery volume exceeded 31.2 billion items for the first time in 2016. The corrugated box base paper used behind it reached 46 million metric tons, accounting for 1/3 of the world's total, which is approximately 7,200 tons. Thousands of trees. This year’s Double 11, China’s Suning Logistics will launch a “shared express box” that is lighter and easier to carry. It is expected to invest 200,000 units by 2018 for self-pickup and door-to-door delivery services for 3C, maternal and infant, and FMCG fragile goods. . Hou Enlong, President of Suning.com, said, "If the e-commerce industry all joins Suning.com's shared express box program and pools everyone's efforts, nearly 46.3 Xiaoxinganling (trees) can be saved a year." The report pointed out that when the shared express box is used, It is a square plastic box. After signing for it, the courier will fold it up and turn it into a plastic board, which will be taken back to the warehouse for reuse. The single production cost of a shared express box is RMB 25 (approximately NT$115), and it can be recycled an average of 6 times a week. It is expected that a single express box has a service life of more than 1,000 times, and the single use cost is only 0.025 yuan. The report also pointed out that in addition to express boxes, some e-commerce companies have introduced recyclable packaging bags, which are sealed with drawstrings. The packaging bags are recycled by the delivery staff and returned to the warehouse for repackaging and use. Source: Ring

The trend of "scientific-based carbon reduction targets" for garment manufacturers is gaining momentum

More than 300 garment manufacturers have recently pledged to set "Science-based Targets" to fight global warming. Under this agreement, 300 manufacturers must work closely with organizations such as the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), World Resources Institute (WRI), and World Wildlife Fund (WWF) , with 2 degrees Celsius as the limit threshold, and strive to slow down carbon emissions. What is the science-based carbon reduction target (SBT)? To put it simply, companies must comply with the strict Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission standards and propose specific carbon reduction measures, including water use, greenhouse gas emissions, and impact on forests. CDP will use this as one of the important criteria for evaluating corporate sustainability actions. Because CDP’s review system is becoming more stringent year by year. In this rigorous scoring mechanism, if the carbon reduction goals proposed by the company are in line with the IPCC report, it will receive additional points. CDP hopes to encourage companies to stimulate their creative potential in return. CDP will give companies with good performance many exposure opportunities, including the 2016 corporate clima published by CDP

Fulfilling social responsibilities, Ruize creates a green fragrance kingdom

Perfume craftsmanship began in ancient Egypt and was further improved with the use of ancient Romans and Arabs. During the Renaissance, it was mainly nobles and wealthy people who covered body odor after using the toilet; and with the funding of these powerful people Nowadays, the perfume industry is booming day by day. Today, aromatic essential oils are also widely used. Whether it is improving health or providing mental assistance, they are of great importance. However, for a long time, the fragrance market has been dominated by international manufacturers, and its position is still limited. Ruize Enterprise in Sanying Industrial Zone has chosen the automotive market, which has been ignored by major international manufacturers, and has gradually gained a leading position in the automotive air fragrance market. It currently has 127 patents in 8 countries and has launched thousands of products, which are exported. More than 35 countries. The story of Ruize's success is made by persistence and not giving up. The founding of Ruize Enterprise starts with the general manager Huang Qijuan. After getting double master's degrees from abroad, she worked in the United States for a period of time and later decided to return to Taiwan to be with her family. She joined a local company that produced household air fragrances. Not long after she started working, the company announced its closure. She discussed with several colleagues and decided to jointly invest in a business and accidentally entered the air fragrance industry. Not long after, colleagues one by one found other jobs and quit the company. Huang Qijuan was unwilling to lose the money she invested and decided to continue to persevere, thus achieving today's success story. Recalling more than 20 years ago, General Manager Huang said that when he founded Ruize, he used his home as a company. There were only two rented tables inside, the living room was the office, the kitchen was the seasoning room, and the garage was the production line.

U.S. APR encourages manufacturers to increase the use of recycled plastics

Requiring manufacturers to identify and use post-consumer plastics in the industrial chain has gradually become an international trend. Therefore, the Association of Plastic Recyclers (APR) has begun to encourage the manufacturing industry to increase the use of recycled plastics to enhance the North American market. Demand for recycled plastic and plastic recycling rates. As a representative of the plastic recycling industry, APR has launched a Recycling Demand Champion Campaign to increase the reuse rate of post-consumer polyolefin plastics. This event mainly focuses on process-related items, including trash cans, pallets, and shipping boxes. Companies participating in this initiative must regularly report on their increased use of post-consumer plastics. This activity does not limit which types or industries of companies can participate, because in order to promote the application of post-consumer recycled plastics, APR has prepared tool kits and industry information to assist companies in successfully applying post-consumer plastics in the industry chain. Process related items. Initial participants of the event include well-known international companies such as Campbell Soup Co., Coca-Cola NA, Envision Plastics, Keurig Green Mountain, KW Plastics, Merlin Plastics, P&G and Target. this plan

Norway finds harmful substances in Guangxuan gifts

Norway recently conducted a survey on Guangxuan gifts. The survey found that nearly half of the gifts either contained excessive amounts of harmful substances or were mislabeled. The Norwegian Ministry of Environment conducted random inspections on 70 products, including small electronic products (such as USB memories, lighting fixtures and emergency power supplies) and several soft plastic products (such as reflective strips and bath balls). The Ministry of Environment found that a variety of toys contain the plasticizer DEHP, short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) were found in other plastic products, and electronic and electrical products contained lead and cadmium. The results show that the manufacturers and importers of these Guangxuan gifts clearly have insufficient knowledge of EU hazardous substances regulations. The Ministry of Environment reiterated that the industry must ensure that all products on the market are clearly labeled. In particular, small electronic products such as USB memories, power banks and wires must comply with EU electrical and electronic hazardous substances regulations, including the WEEE directive. Source: Chemical Watch (2017-10-25) (PIDC compilation)

EU strengthens implementation of SDSs quality improvement project

The European Union strengthens the implementation of the SDSs quality improvement project. Starting from January this year (2017), auditors from EU member states will focus on the safe use guidelines for hazardous substances in chemical substance safety data sheets (SDSs), in accordance with REACH Regulation 5 This law enforcement project requires that the quality of information disclosure be strengthened. The General Administration of Chemistry stated that the main purpose of this project is to ensure that production line employees can understand the dangers of chemical substances and use them in the correct way when they are exposed to harmful chemicals. When auditors perform inspections, they will focus on whether the information in SDSs is consistent with the information in Chemical Safety Reports (CSRs) created by chemical manufacturers. The auditor will also review the exposure scenarios (Exposure Scenario) that should be attached to the SDSs. Finally, through auditors' reports and statistical analysis of data, the General Administration of Chemical Industry will evaluate the current communication efficiency of this important information from the source chemical substance manufacturer, through the product manufacturing supply chain, and finally to the hands of consumers. intensity, and will use the results of this implementation project to formulate the chemical substance information management method for the next stage. The project will also work with labor inspectors in each member country to collect information on whether manufacturers have implemented chemical substance management systems and whether production line employees correctly understand the safe use of chemical substances. Europeanization

EU member state officials vote in favor of tough phenol limits on certain toys

Officials from EU member states voted in favor of imposing strict phenol restrictions on certain toys. On January 10, 2017, EU member states formally approved a bill to impose phenol restrictions on toys designed for children under 3 years old and other toys that are put into the mouth. Usage Restrictions. This move will open the door to the bill's formal adoption and EU-wide implementation. At present, the Framework Directive 2009/48/EC on the safety of toys is listed in Appendix C of Schedule 2 and stipulates 4 chemicals for toys designed for children under 36 months of age or other toys that can be put into the mouth. specific migration limits for the product. These chemicals are bisphenol A, tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloropropyl)phosphate (TCPP), and tris(2,3-dichloropropyl)phosphate ( TDCP). The bill above would add phenol to that list. Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, has a wide range of uses. Phenol has been found in polyvinyl chloride (PVC), game consoles, bathtubs, inflatable toys, and synthetic fibers used to make children's tents and play tunnels. It is also used as a preservative in water-based liquid toys (felt tip pens, bubble blowing products) and as a phenolic resin monomer in the manufacture of resin-bonded wood used in toys. The harm of phenol to human health has attracted a lot of attention, and it is said that it may cause blood toxicity and immunotoxicity to humans. When it comes to toys, children are more susceptible to the harmful effects of chemical exposure than adults and are therefore of greater general concern. The main EU regulations on the classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP Regulation)

EU toy directive lowers lead content limit

The EU Toy Directive lowers the lead content limit. The EU Committee of Ministers recently (March 27) passed the EU Toy Safety Directive (Toy Safety Directive) to amend the current regulations on lead content in products in Appendix II. The new directive is revised as follows: – In dry, brittle or powdery soft toy materials, the lead content limit is reduced from the original 13.5 mg/kg to 2 mg/kg; – In liquid or sticky toys The lead content limit in materials is reduced from the original 3.4 mg/kg to 0.5 mg/kg; and – the lead content limit in scratch-off toy materials is reduced from the original 160 mg/kg to 23 mg/kg. The revised directive will be published in the Official Journal of the European Union. and will come into effect 20 days after the publication. Source: Chemical Watch (2017-03-29) (PIDC compilation)

Japan's METI warns companies to comply with chemical inspection law

Japan's METI warns companies that they must comply with the Chemical Substances Control Law. Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) recently issued an announcement requiring companies to comply with the Chemical Substances Control Law (CSCL), referred to as Chemical Substances Control Law. Law. The announcement also mentions the most common corporate violations, with examples as follows: – Mistaking new chemical substances for general chemical substances. The former must conduct a preliminary assessment before production/import; while the latter only needs to report the production or import volume to the government. – Manufacture or import of small quantities of chemical substances exceeding the permitted weight. For small-volume chemical substances and intermediates, companies must specifically declare the expected production/import volume and obtain permission before proceeding (in order to not exceed the principle that the annual production/import volume of small-volume chemical substances does not exceed one ton, coordination between ministries and councils must be Permission\declaration limit). – Unable to submit chemical substance hazard test reports required by government departments. METI pointed out that most of the violations by companies are caused by the lack of understanding of the chemical supervision law or the poor implementation of the company's internal chemical substance management system. In order to prevent similar violations from continuing to occur, METI recommends that companies implement the following matters: – Conduct internal education and training on the Chemical Submissions Act for management and personnel exposed to hazardous substances on the production line; &#

Washington State Children's Product Safety Law Proposal Adds 18 Substances of High Concern

The Washington State Children's Product Safety Act proposes to add 18 new substances of high concern. The Washington State Children's Product Safety Act (CSPA) announces 18 new "Chemicals of High Concern to Children (CHCC)" that are expected to be added in the future. A public consultation has been launched, and this will be the last consultation before the formal proposal in 2017. The last revision of the CHCC list was in 2013, and Washington State hopes to speed up the revision process. The draft proposes to add the following substances to the CHCC list: – Phthalates DIBP and DCHP; – Flame retardants DBDPE, TCP, TPP, TCPP, TBPH, TBB, TBPP, TDBPP, TNBP and EHDPP, IPTPP, SCCP and V6 ; – bisphenols BPF and BPS (current CHCC listed alternatives to phenolmethane); and – perfluorinated compound PFOA and its related substances. The latest proposal calls for phthalic anhydride; octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4); and molybdenum to be excluded from listing as CHCCs. The Washington State Children's Product Safety Law stipulates that children's product operators (manufacturers, importers or domestic wholesale distributors of children's products) who meet the following conditions must report the following information to the competent authority every year: 1. Children's products intend to add CHCC and the product ingredients The concentration in

Guidelines for the management of chemical substances under the EU non-toxic policy

According to the EU’s latest 7th Environmental Report, the EU’s chemical substance management guidelines under the non-toxic policy point out that the complex and changing risks posed by the millions of finished products that consumers are exposed to every day in the EU have not been effectively regulated by regulations. standardized management. These limited regulations are scattered across different industries, lack systematic management, and have not been comprehensively evaluated, resulting in the risk of exposure to hazardous substances in finished products. Therefore, the report recommends that the European Commission should take effective measures to prevent harmful substances from entering the finished product process starting from source management. Strengthening information transparency in the supply chain is a key consideration for the EU to achieve its goal of a non-toxic environment. The report also mentioned that the scope of authorization of "Authorization" in the current REACH regulations is limited to the EU. On the other hand, products manufactured outside the EU do not need to go through the authorization application process. Products that have been included in the authorization list by ECHA can be included in the product. Chemical substances on the list are then imported into the EU market. In addition, even if some hazardous substances have been banned or restricted at this stage, they will still exist in waste streams or recycled materials, especially finished products with relatively long product life cycles. Such as buildings or infrastructure, etc. In view of this, the report emphasizes that if the EU wants to achieve the goal of a non-toxic environment, it must proceed in the following three directions: 1. Strengthen the transparency of information on hazardous substances in finished products; 2. Avoid

The U.S. CPSC recommends adding new exclusion items for testing plasticizers in children’s products

The U.S. CPSC recommends adding an exclusive item for plasticizer testing in children's products. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) recently proposed a proposal to make it mandatory for children's products to provide plasticizer testing reports from a third-party impartial unit before they are put on the market. Added new exclusive items. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA) stipulates that the concentration of the following six plasticizers in children's products shall not exceed 0.1%: – DEHP di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; – DBP dibutyl phthalate; – BBP tolyl butyl phthalate; – DINP diisononyl phthalate; – DIDP didecyl phthalate; and – DnOP di-n-octyl phthalate ester. Before the product is put on the market, manufacturers must provide a conformity test report issued by a third-party impartial unit after testing the above six plasticizers. However, research commissioned by the CPSC found that not all types of plastics use the above six plasticizers in the manufacturing process, raw materials or additives, or when the above six plasticizers are added, the usage amount is much less than the limit. 0.1%. These plastic types are as follows: &#82

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